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Did you know that when we surf or send an email to your local ISPs mail server, they will also have a local DNS (Domain Name Service) server that can be queried, identify and locate the actual destination of a character string (name)?  

About IP address and email domains for the "layperson".

What is an IP address or email domain address? IP address are numeric numbers (example: 151.196.75.10 and not mybestddomain.com) that represents a location on the internet, most website have a domain name (example: mybestddomain.com) linked to an IP address that emails can be sent to.

 

IP addresses are allocated to companies and ISPs in blocks. Anyone can find out who administers a block of addresses or the owner of a domain address by using an IP Block whois tool to query the Internic database.
See:
IP, DNS Address

 

 
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nslookup are used to find what your server IP address is. Use windows DOS "Command Prompt" (click >Start >Programs >Accessories), when the DOS screen opens, at the prompt enter nslookup followed by the name of the domain.

Example: if your domain is mailsbroadcast.com enter; Nslookup [space] mailsbroadcast.com [press enter key] to display the domain IP address.

Notes:
The DNS server IP Address have nothing to do with the process of email message delivery. It merely serves to turn the IP address--a series of four 8 bit numbers, ie: 151.196.75.10 into www.miyysite.com  (a domain name) that's all.

To get a DOS prompt in Windows 2000 or XP,
go to >Start >Run and key in CMD and click OK

DNS (Domain Name System) is a distributed domain based naming system database that can be query to identify administers of IP Address--which is a string of numbers, example:

207.151.159.3 are translated into a string of "letters" called Domain Name  - example:
207.151.159.3 = Domain Name www.internic.net

Normally when we send an email or browse/surf the internet we uses character string to specify a destination, like; www.mailsbroadcast.com or service @ mailsbroadcast.com but the machine on the internet does not understand this name (character string).

The machine uses a protocol called IP (internet protocol) and numbers like these; 132.0.33.54 to represent a destination, which is not very user friendly, therefore, a special internet service called DNS (Domain Name Service) is to help convert character string (name) into numbers.

Every email domain or website URL has their own individual destination number that is different from another.
 

 
 

 


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Therefore, when we surf or send an email to your local ISPs mail server, they will also have a local DNS (Domain Name Service) server (sort of like a mirror DNS site) that can be queried, identify and locate the actual destination of a character string (name).

Anyone can use a DNS Program query tool freeware from samspade.org to access a DNS Name Server on the Internet and gather data in its DNS database.

Example of queries on a DNS Server to identify and get relevant data and records for: gatech.edu

  • gatech.edu = 130.207.244.244
     

  • Domain Name (primary search key)

    • Time to Live (in seconds, up to one day)
       

    • Type (of info in the value field)
      A   - IP address
      NS - Name Server for this domain
      MX - Mail Exchange, where to send mail
      CName - an alias for receiving mail
       

    • Class - IN for Internet info
       

    • Value - data that depends on Type
                (A->IP Addr.)

$ nslookup 199.77.146.56
Server: eagle.gcatt.gatech.edu
Address: 199.77.146.19
Name: johnmac.gcatt.gatech.edu
Address: 199.77.146.56

$ nslookup johnmac.gcatt.gatech.edu
Server: eagle.gcatt.gatech.edu
Address: 199.77.146.19
Name: johnmac.gcatt.gatech.edu
Address: 199.77.146.56
 

   
nslookup it is a DNS whois tool that perform forward and reverse DNS queries for the current domain address (to get an IP address of a hostname and hostname of the IP address).

Mail Server it is a dedicated mail delivery machine that serves other mail server machine by receiving and storing emails for transmission to other computers.

 

$ nslookup gcatt.gatech.edu
Server: eagle.gcatt.gatech.edu
Address: 199.77.146.19
Name: gcatt.gatech.edu
Address: 199.77.146.19

$ nslookup -q=MX ee.gatech.edu

Server: eagle.gcatt.gatech.edu
           (My Name Server)

Address: 199.77.146.19

ee.gatech.edu preference = 10, mail exchanger =
                                       mail.ee.gatech.edu
ee.gatech.edu nameserver=eeserv.ee.gatech.edu
ee.gatech.edu nameserver=duchess.ee.gatech.edu
ee.gatech.edu nameserver=didier.ee.gatech.edu
mail.ee.gatech.edu internet address=130.207.230.10
eeserv.ee.gatech.edu internet address=130.207.230.5
duchess.ee.gatech.edu internet address=130.207.230.13
didier.ee.gatech.edu internet address=130.207.230.10